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Background
The data used for this project is bat acoustic signals recorded on Wildlife Refuges throughout the Pacific Northwest. Acoustic data is recorded with a portable recording device and microphone, mounted upon a painters pole. These are place in riparian areas where bats are likely to obtain water and insects.
print(df)## # A tibble: 5,365 × 25
## RefugeName RefugeCode Point_Name ObservationDate latitude longitude
## <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 Ankeny AKN Foxtail Marsh 6/15/2018 44.8 -123.
## 2 Ankeny AKN Foxtail Marsh 6/15/2018 44.8 -123.
## 3 Ankeny AKN Foxtail Marsh 6/15/2018 44.8 -123.
## 4 Ankeny AKN Foxtail Marsh 6/15/2018 44.8 -123.
## 5 Ankeny AKN Foxtail Marsh 6/16/2018 44.8 -123.
## 6 Ankeny AKN Foxtail Marsh 6/16/2018 44.8 -123.
## 7 Ankeny AKN Foxtail Marsh 6/16/2018 44.8 -123.
## 8 Ankeny AKN Foxtail Marsh 6/16/2018 44.8 -123.
## 9 Ankeny AKN Foxtail Marsh 6/16/2018 44.8 -123.
## 10 Ankeny AKN Foxtail Marsh 6/29/2017 44.8 -123.
## # ℹ 5,355 more rows
## # ℹ 19 more variables: species_code <chr>, Point_ID_XX <chr>,
## # ScientificName <chr>, CommonName <chr>, confirmed <dbl>,
## # count_vetted <dbl>, reviewed <dbl>, species_list <chr>, GRTS_ID <dbl>,
## # frame <chr>, admin1 <chr>, admin2 <chr>, eco1_name <chr>, eco2_name <chr>,
## # eco3_name <chr>, sample_frame <chr>, project_name <chr>, project_id <dbl>,
## # organization_name <chr>
print(wdf)## # A tibble: 1,024 × 5
## # Groups: CommonName, latitude, longitude [1,024]
## CommonName latitude longitude RefugeName sum
## <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <chr> <dbl>
## 1 Big brown bat 41.6 -119. Sheldon 3
## 2 Big brown bat 41.6 -119. Sheldon 1
## 3 Big brown bat 41.8 -119. Sheldon 5
## 4 Big brown bat 41.8 -119. Sheldon 4
## 5 Big brown bat 41.8 -119. Sheldon 4
## 6 Big brown bat 41.8 -119. Sheldon 2
## 7 Big brown bat 41.8 -119. Sheldon 15
## 8 Big brown bat 42.1 -111. Bear Lake 6
## 9 Big brown bat 42.1 -111. Bear Lake 4
## 10 Big brown bat 42.2 -111. Bear Lake 1
## # ℹ 1,014 more rows
Interactive Map
wdf %>%
leaflet() %>%
addProviderTiles("Esri.WorldImagery") %>%
addCircleMarkers(radius = 10, label = ~paste0("Refuge =",htmlEscape(RefugeName)),
color = "blue", group = wdf$CommonName) %>%
addLayersControl(baseGroups = wdf$CommonName)How to get a map:
library(ggmap)
p <- get_map(location = c(lat = 43.618881, lon = -116.215019),
zoom = 5, maptype = "terrain")
bbb <-
wdf %>%
filter(CommonName == "Big brown bat")
ggmap(p) +
geom_density_2d(data = bbb, aes(y=latitude, x=longitude), h = 2)+
ggtitle("Big Brown Bat")Distribution of:
Species of Greatest Concern:
Conclusion:
Throughout the Pacific Northwest there are 16 species of bats, four (Brazilian Free-tailed Bat, Pallid Bat, Spotted Bat, Western Red Bat) which have a reduced range. One (Little Brown Myotis) species that resides in the Pacific Northwest is endangered but has a substantial presence.
Discussion:
Comparing data with the Southwestern United States would be Acoustic recordings are a great way to identify species within an area but are not ideal to determine the population sizes for those species. Species with reduced ranges or protective status should be trapped through mist netting procedures